America's extraordinary penal state: A structural explanation

Americans, above all poor Black Americans, are subject to extraordinary levels of police violence, incarceration, and penal control—levels that exist nowhere else in the developed world. This article outlines a comparative, structural explanation of America's extraordinary penal state, pointing...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Garland, David (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Published: 2025
In: Punishment & society
Year: 2025, Volume: 27, Issue: 3, Pages: 421-448
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
Check availability: HBZ Gateway
Keywords:
intermediating processes
Solidarity
State capacity
penal control
Punishment
Policing
Political Economy