Classical deterrence theory revisited: An empirical analysis of Police Force Areas in England and Wales
The severity, certainty and celerity (swiftness) of punishment are theorised to influence offending through deterrence. Yet celerity is rarely included in empirical studies of criminal activity and the three deterrence factors have never been analysed in one empirical model. We address this gap with...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Contributors: | ; ; |
| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
|
| In: |
European journal of criminology
Year: 2023, Volume: 20, Issue: 5, Pages: 1663-1680 |
| Online Access: |
Volltext (kostenfrei) |
| Journals Online & Print: | Drawer...
|
| Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
| Keywords: |
