Mapping hawala risks around the world: the use of a composite indicator

The aim of this study is to map the landscape of risk faced by each country with respect to the presence and prosperity of informal fund transfer (IFT) systems. This study constructed a composite indicator to assess IFT risks of the 121 countries. The IFT risk that this study intended to gauge is no...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:  
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Han, Chang Ryung (Autor)
Otros Autores: Leeuw, H. B. M. ; Nelen, J. M.
Tipo de documento: Electrónico Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2022
En: Global crime
Año: 2022, Volumen: 23, Número: 3, Páginas: 334-363
Acceso en línea: Presumably Free Access
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
Journals Online & Print:
Gargar...
Verificar disponibilidad: HBZ Gateway
Palabras clave:
Informal fund transfer system
Routine Activity Theory
composite indicator
hawala
remittance
Descripción
Sumario:The aim of this study is to map the landscape of risk faced by each country with respect to the presence and prosperity of informal fund transfer (IFT) systems. This study constructed a composite indicator to assess IFT risks of the 121 countries. The IFT risk that this study intended to gauge is not crime risk(s) that IFT systems cause but risk that IFT systems operate and prosper in given countries. The IFT risk indicator was developed with eleven variables extracted from public domain datasets regarding migration, access to formal financial institutions, AML/CFT measures, and societal attitudes towards informality. Routine activity theory was used to derive the factors associated with IFT risk. This study found that the level of IFT risk is associated with their levels of economic development. The main advantage of the IFT risk indicator is that it can gauge ‘nuanced’ differences in IFT risks among countries.
ISSN:1744-0580
DOI:10.1080/17440572.2022.2098120