RT Article
T1 Norm proxy war and resistance through outsourcing: the dynamics of transnational human rights contestation
JF Human rights review
VO 17
IS 2
SP 165
OP 191
A1 Sanders, Rebecca 1975-
LA English
YR 2016
UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/860862216
AB A great deal of constructivist international relations research on norms focuses on the diffusion of liberal human rights values. In contrast, this article analyzes how critics seek to undermine human rights principles in contexts where human rights norms are increasingly hegemonic. It argues that when norm challengers are frustrated by the institutionalization of human rights, they engage in transnational strategies to pursue their agendas. In norm proxy war, actors patronize surrogates in locales where norms are weak in the hope that victories abroad will reverberate internationally and at home. This dynamic is illustrated by American evangelical sponsorship of political homophobia in Uganda, culminating in that country’s draconian anti-LGBT legislation. When norms are resisted through outsourcing, actors contract out human rights violations in an effort to erode norms through practice, as evidenced by patterns of extraterritorial detention and extraordinary rendition to torture in the post-9/11 “Global War on Terror.” Identifying these patterns broadens understanding of potential pathways of norm contestation.
NO Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 185-191
K1 International norms
K1 Contestation
K1 Proxy war
K1 Outsourcing
K1 LGBT rights
K1 Rendition
K1 Torture
DO 10.1007/s12142-016-0399-1