RT Article T1 Theory and estimation in models of crime and its social control and their relations to concepts of social output JF The economics of public services SP 116 OP 147 A1 Carr-Hill, Roy A. 1943- A2 Stern, Nicholas H. 1946- LA English YR 1977 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/383837642 AB Following a short introduction, consideration is given (section II) to a model, developed by Becker (1968), that attempts to describe the generation of, and optimum punishment for, illegal activity. It is shown that this model has no optimum finite solution for the case where punishment is costless (fines, according to Becker). Possible modifications are then discussed and it is suggested that the notion of retribution is required in order to explain observed penalties. SN 0470013745 K1 CRIMINAL justice system K1 violent offences K1 absolute risk aversion K1 minor offence K1 social loss