Secrecy, control, and organized crime: state responses to "Bikies" in Australia
This chapter frames state responses to outlaw motorcycle gangs, or ‘bikies’ as they are known in Australia, within the context of moral panic theory and as part of the societal response to the terror attacks of 11 September 2001. As with counterterrorism measures, governments responded to the bikie...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Tipo de documento: | Print Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| En: |
Outlaw bikers as organized crime
Año: 2025, Páginas: 189-209 |
| Verificar disponibilidad: | HBZ Gateway |
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| 520 | |a This chapter frames state responses to outlaw motorcycle gangs, or ‘bikies’ as they are known in Australia, within the context of moral panic theory and as part of the societal response to the terror attacks of 11 September 2001. As with counterterrorism measures, governments responded to the bikie moral panic largely via new laws containing novel and extraordinary procedures that depart from established legal rights and principles intrinsic to liberal democratic values. Most controversially, in Australia, criminal organization control legislation allows for the judicial use of secret ‘criminal intelligence’ in closed court proceedings to declare criminal organizations and make liberty-threatening control orders against bikies and their associates. The chapter considers how the High Court of Australia has decided cases contesting the constitutional validity of ‘bikie control order laws’, which, it is argued, have socio-legal and criminological significance beyond constitutional law, since they contain provisions that impinge upon principles of procedural fairness and fair trial rights without mitigating protections. While state governments have made only minimal amendments to legislation as a direct response to High Court decisions made against them, the chapter shows how responses to bikies are part of a wider trend towards increasing secrecy and incursions into legal protections, which have occurred in other areas, such as Australia's ‘crimmigration’ regime. | ||
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