RT Article T1 The Liminality of Fraud: Reimagining Fraud Theory to Inform Financial Crime Prevention JF The British journal of criminology VO 65 IS 3 SP 618 OP 638 A1 Harding, Nicolas 1994- A2 Cooper, Emily A2 Sales, Tony A2 McDonald, Andy A2 Kingston, Sarah 1980- LA English YR 2025 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1928257275 AB Utilizing knowledge from academics, practitioners and subject matter experts with lived experience of fraud, this paper offers four significant contributions to fraud theory. Firstly, we argue that fraudsters seek out liminal spaces. Secondly, the paper identifies that fraudsters do not always seek immediate financial gain. Thirdly, we argue that within liminal space, individuals are transformed into fraud victims or potentially ‘co-offenders’ used to target businesses. By understanding the importance of liminality for the success of fraudulent interactions, we propose that both on and offline spaces that are vulnerable to facilitating fraud can be identified. Finally, we make the argument that aspects of situational crime prevention can be utilized within liminal spaces at key points to prevent fraud. K1 fraud prevention K1 Financial Crime K1 Liminality K1 liminal space K1 Lived experience K1 Situational Crime Prevention DO 10.1093/bjc/azae069