A user-centric taxonomy of cyber harm in the metaverse

This paper proposes a user-centric taxonomy of cyber harm for use in development of a metaverse-oriented harm prevention approach for children. This contrasts with extant models of cyber harm which consider harm from an organisational perspective, with an eye to business impact. The taxonomy is a sy...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Webb, Jeb (Author) ; McKenzie, Sophie (Author) ; Doss, Robin (Author) ; Gorur, Radhika (Author) ; Pye, Graeme (Author) ; Yeoh, William (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Published: 2025
In: International journal of law, crime and justice
Year: 2025, Volume: 81, Pages: 1-26
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Keywords:
Cyber harm prevention
Metaverse
Online risk
Taxonomy
User awareness
e-safety
Description
Summary:This paper proposes a user-centric taxonomy of cyber harm for use in development of a metaverse-oriented harm prevention approach for children. This contrasts with extant models of cyber harm which consider harm from an organisational perspective, with an eye to business impact. The taxonomy is a synthesis resulting from analyses of Australian legislation, the IEEE 3527.1 international standard, term definitions given in law and psychology dictionaries, specific government provisions, and peer-reviewed literature. It comprises a list of harmful or potentially harmful behaviours, each of which serves as a parent category for different types of harmful scenarios. An iterative approach to analysis was employed to develop the taxonomy, which was then tested through a review of scholarly literature.
ISSN:1756-0616
DOI:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100734