RT Article T1 Pathways to Resistance: Theorizing Trauma and Women's Use of Force in Intimate Relationships JF Violence against women VO 31 IS 6/7 SP 1580 OP 1605 A1 Becker, Patricia 1966- A2 Miller, Susan L. A2 Iovanni, LeeAnn LA English YR 2025 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1922492337 AB Using a feminist pathways general strain perspective, we explore the victim–offender continuum for women who perpetrated intimate partner violence/abuse (IPV/A). We use data from 86 women court-mandated to “female offender” domestic violence treatment programs, located in an American East Coast state, who were surveyed about their adverse childhood experiences and mental health/well-being as adults. Findings from bivariate linear regressions indicate childhood trauma negatively affects adult mental health/well-being, exacerbated for Black Indigenous People of Color women, suggesting a victim rather than an offender categorization for women using force against their abusive partner. Results imply the need to consider women's traumatic histories and IPV/A victimization, given an incident-driven system that criminalizes victimization over the life course. K1 Life Course K1 Pathways K1 Trauma K1 IPV/A victimization K1 women's offending DO 10.1177/10778012241233000