Prevalence of legal, prescription, and illegal drugs aiming at cognitive enhancement across sociodemographic groups in Germany

There has been speculation about a growing demand for substances used without medical need for cognitive enhancement (CE). Thus, the prevalence rates and the identification of sociodemographic groups at risk of this behavior need further description and constant monitoring. We conducted a nationwide...

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Authors: Sattler, Sebastian (Author) ; van Veen, Floris (Author) ; Hasselhorn, Fabian (Author) ; El Tabei, Lobna (Author) ; Fuhr, Uwe 1960- (Author) ; Mehlkop, Guido 1972- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Published: 2025
In: Deviant behavior
Year: 2025, Volume: 46, Issue: 3, Pages: 253-287
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