RT Article T1 “Gender-Based Water Violence”: Cross-Cultural Evidence for Severe Harm Associated With Water Insecurity for Women and Girls JF Violence against women VO 31 IS 3/4 SP 916 OP 932 A1 Tallman, Paula Skye A2 Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela A2 Archdeacon, Natalie A2 Kothadia, Aman A2 Lopez Flores, Lucia A2 Castañeda, Karina A2 Collins, Shalean A2 Rusyidi, Binahayati A2 Cole, Stroma LA English YR 2025 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1916621007 AB We examined how study participants in Indonesia and Peru viewed the relationship between water insecurity and women's health via thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups. Participants reported that water insecurity led to vaginal infections, miscarriage, premature births, uterine prolapse, poor nutrition, restricted economic opportunities, and intergenerational cycles of poverty. Participants in both countries stated that extreme burdens associated with water insecurity should be categorized as violence. Based on these findings, we developed the concept of “gender-based water violence,” defined as the spectrum of stressors associated with water insecurity that are so severe as to threaten human health and well-being, particularly that of women and girls. K1 maternal health K1 Reproductive health K1 Structural Violence K1 gender-based violence K1 water insecurity DO 10.1177/10778012241230323