Defining Hate: A Content Analysis of State Hate Crime Legislation in the United States of America
Hate crimes have increased in frequency and types of crimes covered, drawing attention to state hate crime statutes. However, hate crime statutes are vague and inconsistent throughout the United States. Variation causes many Americans to no have legal protection against hate crimes and leads to unde...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Contributors: | ; ; ; ; |
Format: | Electronic Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2024
|
In: |
Victims & offenders
Year: 2024, Volume: 19, Issue: 3, Pages: 371–394 |
Online Access: |
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) |
Journals Online & Print: | |
Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
Keywords: |
MARC
LEADER | 00000caa a22000002 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | 1885428146 | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20240411002330.0 | ||
007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 240410s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1080/15564886.2022.2140729 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (DE-627)1885428146 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)KXP1885428146 | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
084 | |a 2,1 |2 ssgn | ||
100 | 1 | |a Fallik, Seth W. |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1233906550 |0 (DE-627)1758358114 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Defining Hate: A Content Analysis of State Hate Crime Legislation in the United States of America |
264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | |a Hate crimes have increased in frequency and types of crimes covered, drawing attention to state hate crime statutes. However, hate crime statutes are vague and inconsistent throughout the United States. Variation causes many Americans to no have legal protection against hate crimes and leads to underreporting of hate crimes. Due to this, victims differ in their legal protections, which causes arbitrary outcomes of justice. To evaluate the state of hate crime legislation, this study is a content analysis of all applicable hate crime statutes in the 50 states in the United States, and relevant themes were identified. The general theme of inconsistency was found in conceptualization, protected class and locations, official justice system responses, and victims’ services. Hate crime statutes need improvement which can be accomplished by states mirroring other effective statutes and by legislative action from the federal government. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Violence against women | |
650 | 4 | |a Race/ethnicity | |
650 | 4 | |a legal process | |
650 | 4 | |a Gender | |
650 | 4 | |a Hate Crimes | |
700 | 1 | |a Gardner, Scott Evan |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Remillard, Alexandria |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Venuto, Thomas |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Atkin-Plunk, Cassandra A. |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1216201110 |0 (DE-627)172745555X |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Dobrin, Adam |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)107823177X |0 (DE-627)838181228 |0 (DE-576)175005818 |4 aut | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Victims & offenders |d London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis, 2006 |g 19(2024), 3, Seite 371–394 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)512879672 |w (DE-600)2237556-9 |w (DE-576)272350850 |x 1556-4991 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:19 |g year:2024 |g number:3 |g pages:371–394 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2140729 |x Resolving-System |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
912 | |a NOMM | ||
935 | |a mkri | ||
951 | |a AR | ||
ELC | |a 1 | ||
LOK | |0 000 xxxxxcx a22 zn 4500 | ||
LOK | |0 001 4509467486 | ||
LOK | |0 003 DE-627 | ||
LOK | |0 004 1885428146 | ||
LOK | |0 005 20240410043605 | ||
LOK | |0 008 240410||||||||||||||||ger||||||| | ||
LOK | |0 035 |a (DE-2619)KrimDok#2024-04-09#D8ED4BB1905C9F051EBD97180EE910473F4967B4 | ||
LOK | |0 040 |a DE-2619 |c DE-627 |d DE-2619 | ||
LOK | |0 092 |o n | ||
LOK | |0 852 |a DE-2619 | ||
LOK | |0 852 1 |9 00 | ||
LOK | |0 935 |a zota | ||
ORI | |a SA-MARC-krimdoka001.raw |