Gang Membership and Mental Health During the Transition to Adulthood

Objectives There is an increasing understanding that mental health may be a collateral consequence of joining a gang. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of gang joining on a set of diverse mental health outcomes that include depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoid ideati...

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Authors: Baćak, Valerio (Author) ; DeWitt, Samuel E. (Author) ; Reid, Shannon Elizabeth (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Published: 2022
In: Journal of quantitative criminology
Year: 2022, Volume: 38, Issue: 3, Pages: 567-596
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
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520 |a Objectives There is an increasing understanding that mental health may be a collateral consequence of joining a gang. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of gang joining on a set of diverse mental health outcomes that include depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoid ideation. Methods To reduce bias in our comparisons, we balance gang-joiner and gang-abstainer groups by applying the entropy balancing algorithm to longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance study. Results The results indicate that joining a gang is implicated in poor outcomes for all four measures of mental health considered in our analysis. The observed associations persist both at the first and second wave after joining a gang. Conclusions To understand more comprehensively both the short- and long-term consequences of gang joining, scholars of crime and justice must expand their focus to include mental health—not solely as a predictor of group offending but also as its consequence. Future studies should also consider mental health in the context of gang desistance. 
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