RT Article T1 Anti-Government Extremism in Australia: understanding the Australian Anti-Lockdown Freedom Movement as a Complex Anti-Government Social Movement JF Perspectives on terrorism VO 17 IS 1 SP 144 OP 169 A1 Khalil, Lydia A2 Roose, Joshua M. 1980- LA English YR 2023 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1867643790 AB This article aims to explore the emergence and consolidation of various actors and sympathisers into the Australian ‘anti-lockdown’ freedom movement, a diverse, hybrid anti-government movement that emerged during the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a qualitative longitudinal analysis of data from the online posts of a prominent branch of the anti-lockdown freedom movement, we identify the movement’s core narratives, motivations, and forms of action, revealing how this social movement developed into a complex form of anti-government extremist movement that combines and conflates anti-institutional, anti-elite sentiments, and anti-government attitudes and beliefs through conspiratorial narratives. Drawing upon interrelated strands of social movement theory and the broader body of research on conspiracy theories and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on radicalisation to extremism, we offer a conceptual framework to understand the movement’s emergence, consolidation, and development. This study furthers our understanding of how conspiracies and disinformation can be utilised and fed into anti-government extremism during times of crisis and emergency. NO Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 166-169 K1 anti-government K1 Conspiracy K1 Extremism K1 Crises K1 Social movement K1 hybrid movements