RT Article T1 Rwanda’s involvement in Eastern DRC: a criminal real options approach JF Crime, law and social change VO 59 IS 1 SP 39 OP 62 A1 Cassimon, Danny A2 Engelen, Peter-Jan A2 Reyntjens, Filip 1952- LA English YR 2013 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1854292609 AB This paper applies an alternative model to analyze criminal behaviour by countries based on real option models. Criminal options incorporate a richer framework than traditional cost-benefit models and allow examining the optimal timing of a crime as criminals have the possibility but not the obligation to commit a crime in the near future. From the model, we show how criminal states can actively manage their criminal options. More importantly, we show how the international community can optimally intervene pro-actively, by reducing the incentives for criminal states to execute their criminal options. These novel insights are then applied to two episodes of criminal behaviour by Rwanda in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): the massive killing of Hutu refugees by the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) in late 1996-early 1997 and the illegal exploitation of Congolese resources from August 1998 onwards. This article describes and assesses these activities from this real option perspective. NO Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 60-62 K1 Criminal Behaviour K1 International Community K1 International Criminal Court K1 Real Option K1 Security Council DO 10.1007/s10611-012-9397-7