RT Article T1 Attitudes and views regarding law enforcement activity at large outdoor raves in Israel: a cross-sectional survey JF Policing and society VO 33 IS 7 SP 784 OP 801 A1 Shapira, Barak A1 Caduri, Ariel A1 Baumol, Pinchas A1 Tadmor, Nir A1 Rosca, Paola A1 Shoshan, Stacy A1 Harel-Fisch, Yossi A1 Bonny-Noach, Hagit A2 Caduri, Ariel A2 Baumol, Pinchas A2 Tadmor, Nir A2 Rosca, Paola A2 Shoshan, Stacy A2 Harel-Fisch, Yossi A2 Bonny-Noach, Hagit LA English YR 2023 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1853011584 AB Harm reduction services, such as drug testing kiosks and ‘safe zones’ are often advocated for reducing the harms of drug use among rave and festival attendees. However, interaction with law enforcement can undermine efforts at introducing formal harm reduction services. This cross-sectional, client-oriented study aims to frame the potential components of a tolerance-based policy in outdoor raves in Israel, which assumes a continued police presence, and availability of harm reduction services. The study described the views of outdoor rave attendees towards the role of police, willingness to use harm reduction services, and help-seeking behaviours. Overall, participants reported negative attitudes towards current policing at outdoor raves and a low intention-to-seek help from the police when in physical or emotional distress. Only 13% of responders viewed police presence at raves as important for keeping event areas safe. Furthermore, 85% claimed police presence would prevent them from using drug testing services if these become available. Report of lifetime drug use at raves was significantly and inversely associated with willingness to seek help from the police in cases of physical or emotional distress (Odds Ratio = 0.15, Confidence Interval: 0.08, 0.30). This negative perception of police presence at large outdoor raves indicates low support and trust for current policing approaches, and that these approaches may be a barrier to the introduction of formal harm reduction services under the current prohibitionist approach. These results underpin the need to reform current law enforcement practices towards tolerance-based approaches that permit access to harm reduction services. K1 Harm Reduction K1 Trust K1 Enforcement K1 Police K1 Sex K1 Drug use K1 outdoor music events K1 Raves DO 10.1080/10439463.2023.2200250