RT Article T1 The Effect of Perceived Discrimination on Social Alienation of Probationers: Evidence from China JF The prison journal VO 103 IS 3 SP 347 OP 373 A1 Xu, Tun A1 Tang, Ling A1 Lin, Xifen A2 Tang, Ling A2 Lin, Xifen LA English YR 2023 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1847366899 AB Applying an integrated mode of labeling theory, this study conducted an empirical analysis of 427 probationers from 48 judicial offices in China. The results found that, after controlling for age, gender, educational background, marital status, and social support, perceived discrimination is positively correlated with social alienation; shame plays a partial positive mediating role in the relationship between perceived discrimination and social alienation. Additionally, Zhongyong thinking can moderate the direct effect of perceived discrimination on social alienation and the mediating effect of shame in a negative way. The results further empirically validated an integrated model of labeling theory. K1 Zhongyong thinking K1 Shame K1 Social alienation K1 perceived discrimination K1 Probationer DO 10.1177/00328855231173148