RT Article
T1 A new typology of electoral violence: insights from Indonesia
JF Terrorism and political violence
VO 31
IS 4
SP 687
OP 711
A1 Harish, S. P.
A2 Toha, Risa
LA English
YR 2019
UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1846228093
AB Existing literature on election violence has focused on how violence suppresses voter participation or shapes their preferences. Yet, there are other targets of election violence beyond voters who have so far received little attention: candidates and government agencies. By intimidating rival candidates into dropping out of the race, political hopefuls can literally reduce the number of competitors and increase their likelihood of winning. Likewise, aspiring candidates can target government agencies perceived to be responsible for holding elections to push for electorally beneficial decisions. In this paper, we introduce a new typology of electoral violence and utilize new data of election violence that occur around executive elections in Indonesia from 2005 through 2012. The types of violence we identified differ in these ways: a) Of all cases of electoral violence observed in this article, most incidents were targeted towards candidates and government bodies; b) candidates are generally targeted before elections, whereas voter-targeting incidents are spread out evenly before and after elections and government-targeted violence tends to occur afterwards; c) pre-election violence is concentrated in formerly separatist areas, but post-election violence is more common in districts with prior ethnocommunal violence. These distinctions stress the importance of examining when and why different strategies are adopted.
NO Gesehen am 25.05.2023
NO Published online: 03 May 2017
K1 Candidate-targeting attacks
K1 Election
K1 electoral violence
K1 Indonesia voter mobilization
DO 10.1080/09546553.2016.1277208