RT Article T1 Revising the critical gaze: an inversion of criminological theories to center race, racism, and resistance JF Critical criminology VO 31 IS 1 SP 17 OP 33 A1 Henson, Abigail A2 Nguyen, Thuy-Trinh A2 Olaghere, Ajima LA English YR 2023 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1843697548 AB Many leading criminological theories problematically focus on individuals and communities as criminal rather than implicating structures and systems that perpetuate harm. We offer a nine-step protocol to invert and redefine three predominant deficits-based criminological theories. Our inversion method produced punitive provocation theory, critical environmental adaptation theory, and socio-structural induction theory, as theoretical inversions of deterrence, social disorganization, and self-control theory. We suggest different measurement options for each new inverted theory, including a focus on the structural antecedents of crime such as racial/ethnic discrimination, exclusion, surveillance practices, and divestment from communities. To ameliorate under-theorizing and create a more equitable and less harmful society, we urge theorists, researchers, and practitioners to adopt a more inclusive, critical, and reflexive approach to understanding human behavior. NO Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 30-33 K1 Kriminalitätsursache K1 Theorie K1 Rassismus K1 Diskriminierung DO 10.1007/s10612-022-09665-6