RT Article T1 Expanding DDR: the transformative role of former prisoners in community-based reintegration in Northern Ireland JF International journal of transitional justice VO 6 IS 2 SP 274 OP 295 A1 Dwyer, Clare D. LA English YR 2012 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1843328968 AB This article explores the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) in Northern Ireland. In particular, it examines the role and experiences of former combatants who were incarcerated during the Troubles. It is shown that upon release from prison, many of these former combatants have played key roles in the development of community-based initiatives, which have not only facilitated the reintegration of former prisoners but also contributed to a broader process of postconflict regeneration and social development. The author considers the notion of expanding the ‘R’ phase of DDR, and contends that additional attention needs to be paid both to the specific needs of former combatants/former prisoners and to their involvement in the overall process of reintegration and peacebuilding. K1 DDR K1 Former combatant/former prisoner K1 Community-based self-help K1 Reintegration DO 10.1093/ijtj/ijs014