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|a United States Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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|a Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data (United States): Hate Crime Data, 2004 (Record-Type Files)
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|a In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a McDonald, William Frank, 1943 -
|t Adding insult to injury: The unintended consequences for immigrants of hate crime legislation
|d Emerald Group Publishing, 2009
|w (DE-627)1912449145
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|t ADL Hate Crime Map
|d Anti-Defamation League, 2018
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912449560
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Gover, Angela R.
|t Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1764207564
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Jaskiewicz, Anna
|t Anti-Black Hate Crimes and Health Outcomes of Black Americans
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1912458179
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Hauck, Grace
|t Anti-LGBT hate crimes are rising, the FBI says. But it gets worse
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912458306
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Stacey, Michele
|t Bias Crime and Minority Threat
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Missouri, 2010
|w (DE-627)1912467887
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Martz, Ryan Brevin
|t Bias Crime Incidence in United States Counties, 2000-2009: An Application of Social Disorganization Theory
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Michigan State University, 2014
|w (DE-627)1912467909
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Santoro, Wayne A.
|t The biographical consequences of repression: Arab Americans in post-9/11 America
|d Routledge, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912468212
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bernini, Andrea
|t Black Empowerment and White Mobilization: The Effects of the Voting Rights Act
|d University of Oxford, 2023
|w (DE-627)1912468573
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fouka, Vasiliki
|t Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
|d Institute of Labor Economics, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912475537
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fouka, Vasiliki
|t Changing In-Group Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2020
|w (DE-627)1912475545
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Deloughery, Kathleen
|t Close cousins or distant relatives? The relationship between terrorism and hate crime
|d 2012
|w (DE-627)1912481545
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Badaan, Vivienne
|t Conceptual, empirical, and practical problems with the claim that intolerance, prejudice, and discrimination are equivalent on the political left and right
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)191248899X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Holder, Eaven
|t The convergence of hate: An analysis of UCR-NCVS hate crime trends, 2003 to 2020
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912492334
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Federal Bureau of Investigation
|t Crime in the United States 2004
|d United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2004
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912498596
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Marek, Heather E.
|t Criminalizing Our Way to Racial Equality? An Empirical Look at Hate Regulation
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Oregon, 2018
|w (DE-627)191250085X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Nicolosi, Emily
|t Crowdsourcing sensitive VGI: Constructing the hate incident reporting system
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912503549
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Pezzella, Frank S.
|t The dark figure of hate crime underreporting
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)191250491X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Stacey, Michele
|t Demographic change and ethnically motivated crime: the impact of immigration on anti-Hispanic hate crime in the United States
|d 2011
|w (DE-627)1912508362
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ramachandran, Rajesh
|t Discrimination without taste: How discrimination can spillover and persist
|d 2018
|w (DE-627)1912515598
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Christensen, Love
|t Echoes of Violent Conflict: The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on Hate Crimes in the U.S
|d University of Gothenberg, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912525593
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Stacey, Michele
|t The Effect of Law on Hate Crime Reporting: The Case of Racial and Ethnic Violence
|d 2015
|w (DE-627)1764200284
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Edwards, Griffin
|t The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2018
|w (DE-627)1912529467
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Guha, Induleka
|t Empirical Essays on Bias-Motivated Behaviour
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Purdue University, 2023
|w (DE-627)1912535270
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Jaskiewicz, Anna M.
|t Essays in Applied Microeconomics
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of California Santa Barbara, 2024
|w (DE-627)1912538814
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Carr, Joel
|t Essays on Causes of Hate Crime: The Effects of the E.U. Referendum, COVID-19, and Black Lives Matter on Hate Crime
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Antwerp, 2023
|w (DE-627)191253925X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bailey, Caroline M.
|t The evolution of anti-Blackness in the American South: How slavery and segregation perpetuates the victimization of Black people
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912544490
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Romero-Ciavatto, J.G.
|t Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912552884
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mills, Colleen E.
|t Extreme hatred: Revisiting the hate crime and terrorism relationship to determine whether they are 'close cousins' or 'distant relatives'
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912553481
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University
|t Final U.S. Status Report: Hate Crime Analysis and Forecast for 2016/2017
|d California State University, 2017
|w (DE-627)1912559463
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Feinberg, Ayal K.
|t From Scholarship to Swastikas: Explaining Campus Antisemitic Events
|d Academic Engagement Network, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912562952
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Medina, Richard M.
|t A geographical analysis of socioeconomic and ideological drivers of hate crime in the United States
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912567326
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Petach, Luke
|t Hate crime and human capital
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912570874
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cikara, Mina
|t Hate Crime Increases With Minoritized Group Rank
|d Harvard Business School, 2020
|w (DE-627)1912570912
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Stotzer, Rebecca L.
|t Hate crimes on campus: Racial/ethnic diversity and campus safety
|d 2012
|w (DE-627)1912571056
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Federal Bureau of Investigation
|t Hate Crime Statistics, 2004
|d United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2004
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912571161
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cikara, Mina
|t Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in size-based rank
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)191257120X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Masucci, Madeline
|t Hate Crime Victimization, 2004-2015
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912571234
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bozhidarova, Malvina
|t Hate Speech and Hate Crimes: A Data-Driven Study of Evolving Discourse Around Marginalized Groups
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2023
|w (DE-627)1912571315
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bakhtiari, Elyas
|t Health effects of Muslim racialization: Evidence from birth outcomes in California before and after September 11, 2001
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912571838
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Omberg, Tucker
|t Heritage or Hate? The Effect of Confederate Monument Removal on Racially Biased Hate Crimes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2020
|w (DE-627)1912572656
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a King, Ryan D.
|t High times for hate crimes: Explaining the temporal clustering of hate-motivated offending
|d 2013
|w (DE-627)1912573881
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Feinberg, Ayal K.
|t Homeland violence and diaspora insecurity: An analysis of Israel and American Jewry
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912574985
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Merrill, Sarah
|t The Impact of September 11, 2001 on Anti-Islamic Hate Crimes in the U.S
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : George Mason University, 2013
|w (DE-627)1912584751
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Liu, Joyce Z.
|t The Impacts of Anti-Asian Discrimination on Recent Asian American Voting Behavior: Do Anti-Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Violence and Personal Experiences of Discrimination Motivate Asian American Turnout in Federal General Elections Between 2000 and 2020?
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Columbia University, 2022
|w (DE-627)191258560X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Gould, Eric D., 1968 -
|t Islamic Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in Western Countries
|d Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2015
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912599031
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Gunadi, Christian
|t The legacy of slavery on hate crime in the United States
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912607786
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Kros, Mathijs
|t Longitudinal changes in interracial hate crimes in the USA, 1990-2014: Does racial composition matter?
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912612062
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t New data shows US hate crimes continued to rise in 2017
|d The Conversation, 2018
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912635607
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bush, Delsa R.
|t Perceived Justice and Barriers and Facilitators to the Attainment of Leadership Positions in Local and County Law Enforcement Organizations in the State of Florida
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Lynn University, 2009
|w (DE-627)191264889X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Nolan, James J.
|t Preventing rural hate crime
|d Routledge, 2020
|w (DE-627)191266254X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Pettis, Robert W.
|t Pride and Prejudice: Same-Sex Marriage Legalization Announcements and Anti-LGBT Hate Crimes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2021
|w (DE-627)1912662841
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Earle, Megan
|t Questioning white losses and anti-white discrimination in the United States
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912672138
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Calderon, Alvaro
|t Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights
|d Harvard Business School, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912675676
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t Report to the Nation: Hate Crimes Rise in U.S. Cities and Counties in Time of Division and Foreign Interference
|d Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912686422
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a McDevitt, Jack
|t Research Briefing: Understanding Trends in Hate Crimes Against Immigrants and Hispanic-Americans
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Abt Associates, 2011
|w (DE-627)1912686732
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Melton, Alwyn J.
|t The Rise of American Extremism: An Exploratory Analysis of American Religious and Political Extremism from Presidents Jimmy Carter to Barack Obama: 1977-2016
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Nova Southeastern University, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912690519
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Sweeney, Matthew M.
|t The role of demographic diversification of the police curbing hate crimes: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)191269235X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ratcliff, Shawn
|t The role of religious contexts on hate crimes, 2003-2017
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1912693135
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Scheuerman, Heather
|t State-level determinants of hate crime reporting: Examining the impact of structural and social movement influences
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912711818
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mason, Patrick L., 1958 -
|t Stigmatization and Racial Selection after September 11, 2001: Self-identity among Arab and Islamic Americans
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Florida State University, 2013
|w (DE-627)1912712962
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Dugan, Laura
|t Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power violent hate crimes
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912724200
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a DiLorenzo, Matthew
|t Trade layoffs and hate in the United States
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)191272703X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ortega, Alberto
|t Trade liberalization and racial animus
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912727048
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Coston, Liz
|t Understanding characteristics of victims and perpetrators of anti-LGBT hate crimes in the United States
|d 2018
|w (DE-627)1912732602
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t U.S. hate crime trends: What disaggregation of three decades of data reveals about a changing threat and an invisible record
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1912738252
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Herbert, Lily
|t Visualizing the FBI's Hate Crime Data: Geographic Unevenness in Reporting and Legislation
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of North Carolina, 2020
|w (DE-627)1912745283
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