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|a 10.3886/ICPSR23840.v1
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|a United States Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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|a Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data (United States): Hate Crime Data, 1997 (Record-Type Files)
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|a In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.
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|a ICPSR Terms of Use
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|a Uniform Crime Reports
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|a Arrests
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|a Crime rates
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|a Crime reporting
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|a Crime Statistics
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|a Disabilities
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|a Discrimination
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|a Ethnicity
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|a Hate crimes
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|a Homophobia
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|a Law Enforcement
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|a Offenses
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|a Prejudice
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|a racial tensions
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| 650 |
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|a Religion
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|a Violence
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|a Forschungsdaten
|y 1997
|0 (DE-588)1098579690
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|2 gnd-content
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Hauck, Grace
|t Anti-LGBT hate crimes are rising, the FBI says. But it gets worse
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912458306
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Santoro, Wayne A.
|t The biographical consequences of repression: Arab Americans in post-9/11 America
|d Routledge, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912468212
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Lawrence, Frederick M., 1955 -
|t The case for a federal bias crime law
|d 2000
|w (DE-627)1912473186
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fouka, Vasiliki
|t Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
|d Institute of Labor Economics, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912475537
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fouka, Vasiliki
|t Changing In-Group Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2020
|w (DE-627)1912475545
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Deloughery, Kathleen
|t Close cousins or distant relatives? The relationship between terrorism and hate crime
|d 2012
|w (DE-627)1912481545
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Badaan, Vivienne
|t Conceptual, empirical, and practical problems with the claim that intolerance, prejudice, and discrimination are equivalent on the political left and right
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)191248899X
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Federal Bureau of Investigation
|t Crime in the United States - 1997
|d United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1997
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912498502
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ramachandran, Rajesh
|t Discrimination without taste: How discrimination can spillover and persist
|d 2018
|w (DE-627)1912515598
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Edwards, Griffin
|t The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2018
|w (DE-627)1912529467
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Jaskiewicz, Anna M.
|t Essays in Applied Microeconomics
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of California Santa Barbara, 2024
|w (DE-627)1912538814
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Romero-Ciavatto, J.G.
|t Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912552884
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mills, Colleen E.
|t Extreme hatred: Revisiting the hate crime and terrorism relationship to determine whether they are 'close cousins' or 'distant relatives'
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912553481
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fisher, Christopher M.
|t Extreme Prejudice: A Behavioral Analysis of Bias-Motivated Homicide
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : City University of New York, 2007
|w (DE-627)1912553511
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University
|t Final U.S. Status Report: Hate Crime Analysis and Forecast for 2016/2017
|d California State University, 2017
|w (DE-627)1912559463
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Alden, Helena L.
|t Gender role ideology, homophobia and hate crime: Linking attitudes to macro-level anti-gay and lesbian hate crimes
|d 2005
|w (DE-627)1912566648
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Petach, Luke
|t Hate crime and human capital
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912570874
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ferber, Abby L., 1966 -
|t Hate Crime in America: What Do We Know?
|d American Sociological Association, 2000
|w (DE-627)1912570904
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cikara, Mina
|t Hate Crime Increases With Minoritized Group Rank
|d Harvard Business School, 2020
|w (DE-627)1912570912
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a McMahon, Brian T.
|t Hate crimes and disability in America
|d 2004
|w (DE-627)1912571005
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Federal Bureau of Investigation
|t Hate Crime Statistics 1997
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1997
|w (DE-627)1912571110
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Nolan, James J.
|t The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990: Developing a method for measuring the occurrence of hate violence
|d 2002
|w (DE-627)1912571196
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cikara, Mina
|t Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in size-based rank
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)191257120X
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bakhtiari, Elyas
|t Health effects of Muslim racialization: Evidence from birth outcomes in California before and after September 11, 2001
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912571838
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a King, Ryan D.
|t High times for hate crimes: Explaining the temporal clustering of hate-motivated offending
|d 2013
|w (DE-627)1912573881
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Merrill, Sarah
|t The Impact of September 11, 2001 on Anti-Islamic Hate Crimes in the U.S
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : George Mason University, 2013
|w (DE-627)1912584751
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Gould, Eric D., 1968 -
|t Islamic Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in Western Countries
|d Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2015
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912599031
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Kros, Mathijs
|t Longitudinal changes in interracial hate crimes in the USA, 1990-2014: Does racial composition matter?
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912612062
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t New data shows US hate crimes continued to rise in 2017
|d The Conversation, 2018
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912635607
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Byers, Bryan D.
|t Official hate crime statistics: An examination of the 'epidemic hypothesis'
|d 2001
|w (DE-627)1912640198
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Nolan, James J.
|t Preventing rural hate crime
|d Routledge, 2020
|w (DE-627)191266254X
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Earle, Megan
|t Questioning white losses and anti-white discrimination in the United States
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912672138
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Strong, Suzanne M.
|t Racial Conflict and Bias Crimes Across US Cities: An Analysis of the Social Threat Perspective
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University at Albany, State University of New York, 2015
|w (DE-627)1912674831
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t Report to the Nation: Hate Crimes Rise in U.S. Cities and Counties in Time of Division and Foreign Interference
|d Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912686422
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Sweeney, Matthew M.
|t The role of demographic diversification of the police curbing hate crimes: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)191269235X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Scheuerman, Heather
|t State-level determinants of hate crime reporting: Examining the impact of structural and social movement influences
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912711818
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mason, Patrick L., 1958 -
|t Stigmatization and Racial Selection after September 11, 2001: Self-identity among Arab and Islamic Americans
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Florida State University, 2013
|w (DE-627)1912712962
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Shively, Michael
|t Study of Literature and Legislation on Hate Crime in America
|d United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 2005
|w (DE-627)1912715740
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Quisenberry, Philip Neil
|t Television news coverage and its effects on the recording of hate crime
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Kentucky, 2001
|w (DE-627)1912721945
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Dugan, Laura
|t Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power violent hate crimes
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912724200
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ortega, Alberto
|t Trade liberalization and racial animus
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912727048
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