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|a 10.3886/ICPSR23960.v1
|2 doi
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|a United States Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation
|e VerfasserIn
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|a Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data (United States): Hate Crime Data, 1994 (Record-Type Files)
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|a [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
|b [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
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|a In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.
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|a ICPSR Terms of Use
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|0 (DE-588)4563128-1
|0 (DE-627)305134345
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|a Hate Crime
|2 gnd
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|a Uniform Crime Reports
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|a Arrests
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|a Crime rates
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| 650 |
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|a Crime reporting
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|a Crime Statistics
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|a Disabilities
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| 650 |
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|a Discrimination
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| 650 |
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|a Ethnicity
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| 650 |
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|a Hate crimes
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| 650 |
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|a Homophobia
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| 650 |
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|a Law Enforcement
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| 650 |
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|a Offenses
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| 650 |
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|a Prejudice
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| 650 |
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|a racial tensions
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| 650 |
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|a Religion
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| 650 |
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|a Violence
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| 651 |
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|2 gnd
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|a Forschungsdaten
|y 1994
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|2 gnd-content
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fouka, Vasiliki
|t Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
|d Institute of Labor Economics, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912475537
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fouka, Vasiliki
|t Changing In-Group Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2020
|w (DE-627)1912475545
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Deloughery, Kathleen
|t Close cousins or distant relatives? The relationship between terrorism and hate crime
|d 2012
|w (DE-627)1912481545
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Edwards, Griffin
|t The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2018
|w (DE-627)1912529467
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Jaskiewicz, Anna M.
|t Essays in Applied Microeconomics
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of California Santa Barbara, 2024
|w (DE-627)1912538814
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Romero-Ciavatto, J.G.
|t Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912552884
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mills, Colleen E.
|t Extreme hatred: Revisiting the hate crime and terrorism relationship to determine whether they are 'close cousins' or 'distant relatives'
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912553481
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fisher, Christopher M.
|t Extreme Prejudice: A Behavioral Analysis of Bias-Motivated Homicide
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : City University of New York, 2007
|w (DE-627)1912553511
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University
|t Final U.S. Status Report: Hate Crime Analysis and Forecast for 2016/2017
|d California State University, 2017
|w (DE-627)1912559463
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Petach, Luke
|t Hate crime and human capital
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912570874
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cikara, Mina
|t Hate Crime Increases With Minoritized Group Rank
|d Harvard Business School, 2020
|w (DE-627)1912570912
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cikara, Mina
|t Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in size-based rank
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)191257120X
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a King, Ryan D.
|t High times for hate crimes: Explaining the temporal clustering of hate-motivated offending
|d 2013
|w (DE-627)1912573881
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Gould, Eric D., 1968 -
|t Islamic Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in Western Countries
|d Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2015
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912599031
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Kros, Mathijs
|t Longitudinal changes in interracial hate crimes in the USA, 1990-2014: Does racial composition matter?
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912612062
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t New data shows US hate crimes continued to rise in 2017
|d The Conversation, 2018
|h Online-Ressource
|w (DE-627)1912635607
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Nolan, James J.
|t Preventing rural hate crime
|d Routledge, 2020
|w (DE-627)191266254X
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Levin, Brian
|t Report to the Nation: Hate Crimes Rise in U.S. Cities and Counties in Time of Division and Foreign Interference
|d Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912686422
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mason, Patrick L., 1958 -
|t Stigmatization and Racial Selection after September 11, 2001: Self-identity among Arab and Islamic Americans
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Florida State University, 2013
|w (DE-627)1912712962
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Dugan, Laura
|t Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power violent hate crimes
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912724200
|
| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ortega, Alberto
|t Trade liberalization and racial animus
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912727048
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