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|a United States Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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|a Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data: Police Employee (LEOKA) Data, 2013
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|a The Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data, Police Employee Data, 2013 file contains monthly data on felonious or accidental killings and assaults upon United States law enforcement officers acting in the line of duty. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) assembled the data and processed them from UCR Master Police Employee (LEOKA) data tapes. Each agency record in the file includes the following summary variables: state code, population group code, geographic division, Metropolitan Statistical Area code, and agency name. These variables afford considerable flexibility in creating subsets or aggregations of the data. Since 1930, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has compiled the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) to serve as a periodic nationwide assessment of reported crimes not available elsewhere in the criminal justice system. Each year, this information is reported in four types of files: (1) Offenses Known and Clearances by Arrest, (2) Property Stolen and Recovered, (3) Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR), and (4) Police Employee (LEOKA) Data. The Police Employee (LEOKA) Data provide information about law enforcement officers killed or assaulted (hence the acronym, LEOKA) in the line of duty. The variables created from the LEOKA forms provide in-depth information on the circumstances surrounding killings or assaults, including type of call answered, type of weapon used, and type of patrol the officers were on.
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|a ICPSR Terms of Use
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4 |
|a Uniform Crime Reports
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|a Arrests
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|a assaults on police
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|a Crime rates
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|a Crime reporting
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|a Crime Statistics
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|a Law Enforcement
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4 |
|a Offenses
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a police deaths
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Daniels, Jeffrey A., 1965 -
|t Ambushes and Unprovoked Attacks: Assaults on Our Nation's Law Enforcement Officers
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : U.S. Department of Justice, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912455498
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Kaplan, Zoe
|t The association between the percentage of female law enforcement officers and rape report, clearance, and arrest rates
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1876489421
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| 787 |
0 |
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|a Williams, Christopher
|t Blue racing: The racialization of police in hate crime statutes
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912469146
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Prestemon, Jeffrey P.
|t Cannabis legalization by states reduces illegal growing on US national forests
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)191247185X
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Odabasi, Suzan
|t Climate variability and crime rates in the Southeastern USA
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912481413
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Shjarback, John A.
|t Considering violence against police by citizen race/ethnicity to contextualize representation in officer-involved shootings
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912490420
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fischer, Kyle R.
|t A content analysis of hospitals: Community health needs assessments in the most violent U.S. cities
|d 2018
|w (DE-627)1912491168
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Zimmerman, Gregory M.
|t Contextualizing fatal police-resident encounters with a focus on Hispanic or Latin American places: Does macro-level racial and ethnic composition distinguish resident fatalities by the police and police fatalities by residents?
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912491532
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Li, Danyao
|t Creating guardians or warriors? Examining the effects of non-stress training on policing outcomes
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912495945
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Thompson, M.S.
|t A descriptive analysis of occupational fatalities due to felonious assault among U.S. law enforcement officers during tactical incidents, 1996-2014
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912509334
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Pyo, Sunyoung
|t Do body-worn cameras change law enforcement arrest behavior?
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)191251723X
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Falcone, Stefano
|t Do Evictions Increase Crime? Evidence from Nuisance Ordinances
|d Barcelona School of Economics, 2022
|w (DE-627)1912519771
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Forrester, Andrew
|t Do Immigration Enforcement Programs Reduce Crime? Evidence from the 287(g) Program in North Carolina
|d CATO Institute, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912520001
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ades, James
|t Education and Crime Across America: Inequity's Cost
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2020
|w (DE-627)1912527332
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Wang, Yiwen
|t The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on Juvenile Delinquency
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Georgetown University, 2023
|w (DE-627)1912529009
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Douglas, Stephen
|t The effects of body-worn cameras on violent police victimization
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912530457
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Richardson, Keighan
|t The Effects of Community Policing Practices and Related Social Demographic Variables on City Crime Rates
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Bryant University, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912530694
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Young, Timothy
|t Essays in Labor and Experimental Economics with a Focus on Crime and Discrimination
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of California, 2019
|w (DE-627)1912539071
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Krishnan, Kaushik
|t Essays in Labour Economics
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of California, Berkeley, 2017
|w (DE-627)1912539136
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Tebes, Jonathan
|t Essays on the Economic and Social Consequences of Policing
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Harvard University, 2022
|w (DE-627)1912539381
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fogliato, Riccardo
|t Estimating the Likelihood of Arrest from Police Records in Presence of Unreported Crimes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2023
|w (DE-627)1912540819
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fogliato, Riccardo
|t Estimating the likelihood of arrest from police records in presence of unreported crimes
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912540827
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Kajeepeta, Sandhya
|t Estimating the Negative and Racialized Consequences of the Police-Centric Response to Intimate Partner Violence
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Columbia University, 2022
|w (DE-627)1912540916
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Ali, Mir U.
|t Examining the accountability-performance link: Case of citizen oversight of police
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912545640
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Shjarback, John A.
|t Extending research on the 'war on cops': The effects of Ferguson on nonfatal assaults against U.S. police officers
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912553198
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| 787 |
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|a Edwards, Frank
|t Family surveillance: Police and the reporting of child abuse and neglect
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912555867
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Tucker-Gail, Kasey
|t Felonious line-of-duty officer deaths (1995-2015): The impact of tenure and age revisited
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912557991
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Gobaud, Ariana N.
|t Firearm assaults against US law enforcement officers in the line-of-duty: Associations with firearm ownership and state firearm laws
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912559986
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Roth, Jeffrey J.
|t Gender Differences in Acquisitive Delinquency: A Macro-Level Routine Activities Analysis
|d 2016
|w (DE-627)1764202805
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Piza, Eric L.
|t A half-century investigation of police officer line-of-duty deaths: Putting the recent spike in long-term context
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912570343
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mancik, Ashley M.
|t Homicide clearances during pre- and post-U.S. crime drop eras
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1728394066
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Winter, Alix
|t How Social Adversity and Opioid Prescription Intersect with the Criminal Justice System and Recent Mortality in the United States
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Harvard University, 2019
|w (DE-627)1912578166
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Skinner, John
|t The impact of department of justice reform agreements on arrest rates and racial disparity within arrests
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912582465
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Chakraborty, Sounak
|t Impact of stand your ground, background checks and conceal and carry laws on homicide rates in the U.S
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912584980
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bir, Cynthia
|t Incidence of law enforcement officer fatalities related to motor vehicle accidents
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912588005
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Boehme, Hunter M.
|t The influence of traffic stop policy changes on assaults against officers: A quasi-experimental approach
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1912591367
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Siegel, Michael, - 1652
|t The Interaction of Race and Place: Predictors of Fatal Police Shootings of Black Victims at the Incident, Census Tract, City, and State Levels, 2013–2018
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1768026165
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Baah, Eric
|t Is RML and Dispensary Opening Worsening Crime in the US?: Some New Insight
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2024
|w (DE-627)191259952X
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| 787 |
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|a Chu, Yu-Wei L.
|t Joint culpability: The effects of medical marijuana laws on crime
|d 2018
|w (DE-627)1912601168
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| 787 |
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8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Johnson, Thaddeus
|t Law enforcement agencies' college education hiring requirements and racial differences in police-related fatalities
|d 2022
|w (DE-627)1912606534
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| 787 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Bruzelius, Emilie
|t Law enforcement fentanyl seizures and overdose mortality in US counties, 2013-2020
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)1912606615
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| 787 |
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8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mercado, Gabriella
|t Law Enforcement Officers as Victims of Felonious Killings and Assaults: An Analysis of the Predictors of Lethality and the Likelihood of Officer Assault or Death
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Nova Southeastern University, 2020
|w (DE-627)1912606763
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Petersen, Rebecca D.
|t Law Enforcement Officers Killed in the Line of Duty: Contextual and Situational Factors Relating to Body Armor
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1883306744
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Cordner, Gary W., 1951 -
|t LEOKA fatalities by region and jurisdiction size and type
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912608367
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Beck, Brenden
|t The material of policing: Budgets, personnel and the United States' misdemeanour arrest decline
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1912617323
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Carriere, Kevin R.
|t The Militarization of Police's Eyes, Ears, and Hands: The 1033 Department of Defense Program and Police Safety Outcomes
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Georgetown University, 2016
|w (DE-627)1912622513
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Mello, Steven
|t More COPS, Less Crime
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Princeton University Industrial Relations Section, 2017
|w (DE-627)1912626004
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Banks, Duren
|t National Sources of Law Enforcement Employment Data
|d U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2016
|w (DE-627)1912631709
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Fogliato, Riccardo
|t On the validity of arrest as a proxy for offense: Race and the likelihood of arrest for violent crimes
|d AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society, 2021
|w (DE-627)191264147X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Al-Naiem, Kariar
|t Pentagon 1033 and Minority Threat: Examining 1033 Equipment Acquisitions by Law Enforcement Agencies from 2006-2015
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : San Diego State University, 2021
|w (DE-627)1912648628
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Woods, Jordan
|t Police escalation and the motor vehicle
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912652463
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Allen, Terry
|t Police officers killed in the line of duty: A correspondence analysis of circumstances and time of day
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912653109
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Hsu, Ko-Hsin
|t Police personnel allocation and homicide clearance
|d 2024
|w (DE-627)191265329X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Breslin, Rachel A.
|t Police Response to Intimate Partner Violence and Victim Willingness to Report: Representative Bureaucracy Through an Intersectional Lens
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : George Washington University, 2019
|w (DE-627)1912653575
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Wells, Dominic D.
|t Police unions and police fatalities in the United States, 1990-2018
|d 2023
|w (DE-627)1870622405
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Woods, Jordan
|t Policing, danger narratives, and routine traffic stops
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912654431
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Dave, Dhaval
|t Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, Opioid Abuse, and Crime
|d National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912660342
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Blemings, Benjamin
|t Private security confounds estimates of public police and crime
|d Springer, 2023
|w (DE-627)1912664607
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Clegg, John
|t The Racial Politics of Mass Incarceration
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : New York University, 2017
|w (DE-627)1912676362
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Siegel, Michael
|t The relationship between racial residential segregation and black-white disparities in fatal police shootings at the city level, 2013-2017
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912682842
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a McCarthy, Shane
|t The Relationship Between Universal Background Check Laws for Firearm Sales and Rates of Violent Crime at the State Level
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Georgetown University, 2017
|w (DE-627)191268313X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a King, William R.
|t The reliability of police employee counts: Comparing FBI and ICMA data, 1954–2008
|d 2011
|w (DE-627)1912684284
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Carriere, Kevin R.
|t The risks of operational militarization: Increased conflict against militarized police
|d 2017
|w (DE-627)1912691701
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Roth, Jeffrey J.
|t Sex-based predictors of male and female property crime arrest rates: Disadvantage and drug use
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912700468
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Tebes, Jonathan
|t Stopped By the Police: The End of 'Stop-and-Frisk' on Neighborhood Crime and High School Dropout Rates
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2022
|w (DE-627)191271311X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Matusiak, Randa E.
|t Structure and function: Impact on employment of women in law enforcement
|d 2018
|w (DE-627)1912714795
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Poleski, Kristin
|t To Promote or Not to Promote: An Inquiry Into the Experiences of Female Police Officers and Their Decisions to Pursue Promotion
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Western Michigan University, 2016
|w (DE-627)1912726017
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Chillar, Vijay F.
|t To Serve and Protect, But Who? How the Organizational Structure of Law Enforcement in America Shapes the Safety of the Police and the Public
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : State University of New Jersey, 2022
|w (DE-627)1912726130
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Deza, Monica
|t Treatment for Mental Health and Substance Use: Spillovers to Police Safety
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Syracuse University Center for Policy Research, 2023
|w (DE-627)191272832X
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Han, Minyu
|t Two-way fixed effects versus panel factor-augmented estimators: Asymptotic comparison among pretesting procedures
|d 2021
|w (DE-627)1912731533
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Headley, Andrea M.
|t Understanding the Organizational Factors That Impact Police-Community Relations
|d [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Florida International University, 2018
|w (DE-627)1912733862
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Rydberg, Jason
|t Utilizing incident-based crime data to inform strategic interventions: A problem analysis of violence in Michigan
|d 2016
|w (DE-627)1912740141
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| 787 |
0 |
8 |
|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Boine, Claire
|t What is gun culture? Cultural variations and trends across the United States
|d 2020
|w (DE-627)1912747626
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| 787 |
0 |
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|i Forschungsdaten zu
|a Harper, Sam
|t Would stronger seat belt laws reduce motor vehicle crash deaths?: A semi-Bayesian analysis
|d 2019
|w (DE-627)1912752492
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