RT Article T1 In Their Own Hands: Young People and Self-Justice Retaliation in Germany JF Crime & delinquency VO 69 IS 1 SP 121 OP 151 A1 Schwarzenbach, Anina A2 Tankebe, Justice A2 Oberwittler, Dietrich 1963- LA English YR 2023 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1839615370 AB Strong and viable modern states have limited the use of private force to narrowly-defined situations of self-defense. Yet, evidence from crime surveys shows that a significant proportion of violent and property crimes is not reported to police. Instead of calling the police, people either take no action or employ a variety of mechanisms, including retaliation, to settle disputes. Drawing on data from a survey of 2,921 young people in two German cities, we investigate the propensity of adolescents to resort to self-justice retaliation. The results show widespread propensity to engage in retaliatory actions, particularly among adolescent males of low socio-economic status. Further, attitudes to the police, unsupervised routine activities, and delinquency-related variables were the most influential correlates of propensity to engage in retaliatory actions. K1 Delinquency K1 Police Legitimacy K1 self- justice retaliation K1 Social bonds K1 Vigilantism DO 10.1177/0011128720948032