Notes to the underground: credit claiming and organizing in the Earth Liberation Front

This paper presents a case study of the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), based on interviews of the group’s former affiliates. It examines the role of credit claims in organizing this underground leaderless resistance group’s activity. In addition to the external signaling functions of credit claims—de...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Brown, Joseph M. (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Published: 2020
In: Terrorism and political violence
Year: 2020, Volume: 32, Issue: 2, Pages: 237-256
Online Access: Volltext (Resolving-System)
Volltext (Verlag)
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Keywords:
Cells
Communication
credit claims
Earth Liberation Front
Ecoterrorism
imagined communities
Islamic State
Jihadism
leaderless resistance
lone wolves
Propaganda

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520 |a This paper presents a case study of the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), based on interviews of the group’s former affiliates. It examines the role of credit claims in organizing this underground leaderless resistance group’s activity. In addition to the external signaling functions of credit claims—demonstrating capability, issuing demands, and soliciting public support—credit claims serve a movement-building role in the ELF. By issuing credit claims in “aboveground” fora that other cells are known to read, ELF cells with no direct links are able to communicate information to one another. Credit-claiming communiqués serve four organizing functions for the ELF. They constitute the ELF underground as an imagined community, recruit new cells, set agendas for future actions, and enforce operational standards of behavior via an informal “peer review” process. This study of the ELF suggests broader insights, including possible organizing techniques that may be observed in white supremacist and Islamist cases. 
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650 4 |a Ecoterrorism 
650 4 |a imagined communities 
650 4 |a Islamic State 
650 4 |a Jihadism 
650 4 |a leaderless resistance 
650 4 |a lone wolves 
650 4 |a Propaganda 
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