A Contemporary Review of Hate Crime Legislation in the United States
Hate-motivated crime remains problematic in the United States. California passed the first hate crime law in 1978; Congress followed in 1990. States continue to amend their hate crime legislation, producing an amalgam of statutory provisions. This article creates a conceptual framework from which to...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Contributors: | |
| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
|
| In: |
Criminal justice policy review
Year: 2023, Volume: 34, Issue: 2, Pages: 115-139 |
| Online Access: |
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) |
| Journals Online & Print: | Drawer...
|
| Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
| Keywords: |
MARC
| LEADER | 00000caa a22000002 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 1831878917 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20230125000851.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 230124s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1177/08874034221112847 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)1831878917 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)KXP1831878917 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 084 | |a 2,1 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Bills, Matthew A. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 2 | |a A Contemporary Review of Hate Crime Legislation in the United States |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a Hate-motivated crime remains problematic in the United States. California passed the first hate crime law in 1978; Congress followed in 1990. States continue to amend their hate crime legislation, producing an amalgam of statutory provisions. This article creates a conceptual framework from which to classify hate crime legislation across the 50 states and Washington, DC. Laws were identified through Westlaw. Analyses compared the types of crimes covered, discrete and insular minorities protected, prosecutorial alternatives, mandates for law enforcement agencies, and additional rights provided to victims among states’ legislation. Considerable variation in scope and content of hate crime legislation exists among states, leaving several vulnerable groups unprotected, law enforcement underprepared, and victim rights and resources sparse. Future directions for hate crime policy and legislation are discussed. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a hate crime victims | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hate crime law | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hate crime policy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hate crime | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vaughn, Michael |e VerfasserIn |0 (DE-588)1212073452 |0 (DE-627)1700679732 |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Criminal justice policy review |d London : Sage, 1986 |g 34(2023), 2, Seite 115-139 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)33150796X |w (DE-600)2051883-3 |w (DE-576)094502471 |x 1552-3586 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:34 |g year:2023 |g number:2 |g pages:115-139 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034221112847 |x Resolving-System |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
| 935 | |a mkri | ||
| 936 | u | w | |d 34 |j 2023 |e 2 |h 115-139 |
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| ELC | |a 1 | ||
| LOK | |0 000 xxxxxcx a22 zn 4500 | ||
| LOK | |0 001 4250998746 | ||
| LOK | |0 003 DE-627 | ||
| LOK | |0 004 1831878917 | ||
| LOK | |0 005 20230124051509 | ||
| LOK | |0 008 230124||||||||||||||||ger||||||| | ||
| LOK | |0 035 |a (DE-2619)KrimDok#2023-01-23#5BC460A4D213AB1964F1E5B7B819D7CE18B10D8C | ||
| LOK | |0 035 |a (DE-2619)KrimDok#2023-02-06#5BC460A4D213AB1964F1E5B7B819D7CE18B10D8C | ||
| LOK | |0 040 |a DE-2619 |c DE-627 |d DE-2619 | ||
| LOK | |0 092 |o n | ||
| LOK | |0 852 |a DE-2619 | ||
| LOK | |0 852 1 |9 00 | ||
| LOK | |0 935 |a zota | ||
| ORI | |a SA-MARC-krimdoka001.raw | ||