An Exploratory Analysis of the Characteristics of Ideologically Motivated Cyberattacks

Web defacement is a form of hacking that involves altering the content of a website, resulting in repairs to the website code, loss of revenue, internal loss of productivity, and reputational damage. Limited research has examined the frequency of web defacements, the factors that distinguish them fr...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Holt, Thomas J. 1978- (Author) ; Lee, Jin Ree (Author) ; Freilich, Joshua D. (Author) ; Chermak, Steven M. 1964- (Author) ; Bauer, Johannes M. (Author) ; Shillair, Ruth (Author) ; Ross, Arun (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Published: 2022
In: Terrorism and political violence
Year: 2022, Volume: 34, Issue: 7, Pages: 1305-1320
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
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Keywords:
Routine Activities Theory
cyberterror
Extremism
Computer hacking
Cybercrime
Description
Summary:Web defacement is a form of hacking that involves altering the content of a website, resulting in repairs to the website code, loss of revenue, internal loss of productivity, and reputational damage. Limited research has examined the frequency of web defacements, the factors that distinguish them from other hacking motives, and the extent to which the correlates mirror research on physical acts of ideologically-motivated crime. The current study examined over 2.4 million web defacements hosted in the U.S. from 2012 to 2016 to assess aspects of routine activities theory associated with target selection and attack methods among ideologically-motivated defacements. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that ideologically-motivated defacers were more likely to use unknown vulnerabilities; engage in repeated attacks; target top-level domains linked to foreign nations; domains ending in.edu; and homepages within websites. The findings of this study suggest that the target selection process of ideologically-motivated defacers are more purposive and designed to draw attention to their cause, resembling target preferences of individuals who engage in physical violence in support of an ideological agenda.
ISSN:1556-1836
DOI:10.1080/09546553.2020.1777987