RT Article
T1 Officers’ memory and stress in virtual lethal force scenarios: Implications for policy and training
JF Psychology, crime & law
VO 26
IS 3
SP 248
OP 266
A1 McClure, Kimberley A.
A2 Loftus, Elizabeth F. 1944-
A2 McGuire, Katherine L.
LA English
YR 2020
UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1765640830
AB Sworn law enforcement officers (N = 151) were exposed to two different simulated lethal force encounters, a motorcycle-traffic-stop (MTS) and a workplace violence incident. Workplace violence incidents (WPV) consisted of two versions: an original version (WVO) and an enhanced version (WVE) with additional tactile and auditory stimuli within the simulation environment. Officers’ recognition memory (immediate and 48 h later), perceived stress, and physiological stress responses were examined. Delayed reporting led to impaired memory for event information in the MTS and perpetrator information in the WVE simulation. Moreover, perpetrator information was remembered more accurately than event information. Two physiological stress markers - alpha amylase and immunoglobulin-a - were correlated with memory for the simulated experiences; however, cortisol and interleukin-6 were not. These findings support current theory related to arousal and memory suggesting that officers should be interviewed as soon as reasonably possible after a lethal force incident. Implications for legal parameters in defining a ‘reasonable officer’ exerting lethal force are considered.
K1 Lethal force
K1 Memory
K1 officer-involved-shooting policy
K1 Physiological arousal
K1 stress response
K1 virtual simulation
DO 10.1080/1068316X.2019.1652748