RT Article T1 Shifting sands: The reconfiguration of neoliberal youth penality JF Theoretical criminology VO 25 IS 2 SP 304 OP 324 A1 Gray, Patricia A1 Smith, Roger A2 Smith, Roger LA English YR 2021 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1756112541 AB This article begins by tracing the emergence of ‘therapeutic surveillance’ as a new formula for neoliberal disciplinary power. It maps and interrogates the reconfiguration of a hybrid array of neoliberal rationalities and technologies for the penal governance of young people who offend. It then engages with the challenges posed by critical realists to the governmentality position by questioning how human agency can contest, subvert and resist the dystopian reach of ‘therapeutic surveillance’ in action. While ‘therapeutic surveillance’ is steeped in a disciplinary logic of individualization and responsibilization, we argue that it also opens the space for a more transformative youth penality to be articulated; one which challenges the constraints of structural disadvantage in the pursuit of social justice. The article concludes by arguing that newly emerging youth justice configurations which have appeared in response to dramatic cuts in public spending offer a plausible or transformative challenge to the regulatory logic of neoliberal youth penality. K1 transformative social justice K1 therapeutic surveillance K1 strategic-relational K1 neoliberal youth penality K1 Governmentality K1 Critical Realism DO 10.1177/1362480619872262