RT Article
T1 A Nation-Wide Assessment of Empowerment Among States’ Personal Protective Order Statutes
JF Journal of interpersonal violence
VO 36
IS 9/10
SP 4876
OP 4898
A1 Richards, Tara N.
A2 Gover, Angela R.
A2 Tudor, Alison
LA English
YR 2021
UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/175589001X
AB The Personal Protective Order (PPO) and the PPO process may provide an opportunity to shift power dynamics from the state/abuser to the victim—a process otherwise known as “victim empowerment.” Using a previously established empowerment framework, the Empowerment Process Model, 2017 PPO statutes for all U.S. states and the District of Columbia (n = 51) were examined in regard to 23 statutory elements conceptualized to facilitate the process of victim empowerment for initmate partner violence (IPV) victims. Findings demonstrated that there is little consistency across PPO statutes in regard to empowerment facilitators (8.0-18.5, M = 13.5, SD = 2.3). Three elements were found to be consistently empowering by most states: the use of gender-neutral language, inclusion of same-sex couple violence, and adherence to full faith and credit provision of Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). Future research should examine which statutory elements are associated with the greatest increases in victim empowerment, and model PPO language should be developed. Furthermore, in general, PPO research findings must be discussed within the confines of state statutes and limited generalizability across states.
K1 domestic violence and cultural contexts
K1 perceptions of domestic violence
K1 Domestic Violence
K1 legal intervention
DO 10.1177/0886260518794511