RT Article
T1 Terrorism in India as a Determinant of Terrorism in Pakistan
JF Asian journal of criminology
VO 13
IS 1
SP 57
OP 77
A1 Ullah, Assad
A2 Ali, Zahid
A2 Anees, Muhammad
A2 Qingxiang, Yang
LA English
YR 2018
UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1744965803
AB Terrorism in Pakistan springs from many factors such as, poverty, corruption, inequality, sham democracy, and low-level literacy; however, the effect of terrorism in India over terrorism in Pakistan remains unnoticed. This study explores the role of terrorism in India as a determinant of terrorism in Pakistan. This fangled determinant of terrorism in Pakistan forms the premise of our work. The Johansen cointegration analysis technique confirms the long-run relationship among terrorism in India and Pakistan and unemployment in Pakistan. Error correction model (ECM) resulted 55% of convergence annually. Besides, ECM verifies both short and long-run causalities. The VECM Granger and Modified Wald (MWALD) causality tests reveal that terrorism in India and unemployment in Pakistan Granger causes terrorism in Pakistan, but no reverse causality exists. The study concludes that both terrorism in India and unemployment in Pakistan results in terrorism in Pakistan. Coping with terrorism, Pakistan and India must revisit their respective roles; and simultaneously, Pakistan should address the unemployment problem—which facilitates recruitment for the terrorist organizations.
K1 Terrorism determinants
K1 Cointegration
K1 Vector error correctionmodel
K1 Pakistan
DO 10.1007/s11417-017-9257-6