APA (7th ed.) Citation

Ray, M. C., & Downs, W. R. (1986). An empirical test of labeling theory using longitudinal data. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 23(2), 169-194.

Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation

Ray, Melvin C., and William R. Downs. "An Empirical Test of Labeling Theory Using Longitudinal Data." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 23, no. 2 (1986): 169-194.

MLA (9th ed.) Citation

Ray, Melvin C., and William R. Downs. "An Empirical Test of Labeling Theory Using Longitudinal Data." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, vol. 23, no. 2, 1986, pp. 169-194.