RT Article T1 Code of the classroom?: social disadvantage and bullying among American adolescents, U.S. 2011-2012 JF Crime & delinquency VO 63 IS 14 SP 1883 OP 1922 A1 Sykes, Bryan Lamont A2 Piquero, Alex R. 1970- A2 Giovano, Jason P. LA English YR 2017 UL https://krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de/Record/1577858077 AB Little research has explored whether social policies aimed at lessening economic hardship affect the prevalence of bullying, particularly after the Great Recession. This article investigates how the strains of neighborhood and cumulative disadvantage are associated with racial differences in bullying, and we consider whether social program participation—enlistment in needs-based social programs to attenuate poverty and disadvantage—upends race-based differences in bullying. Using probit, negative binomial, and propensity score matching methods, we show that adolescents who experience any markers of disadvantage are more likely to bully others, with Black and Hispanic adolescents being more likely to engage in bullying than Whites. Importantly, matched estimates reveal that participation in needs-based social programs eliminates racial differences in bullying. K1 Bullying K1 Inequality K1 Disadvantage K1 Race K1 Grade retention DO 10.1177/0011128716641431